Two specification lines appear on every FOISON Sprinkler datasheet for agricultural guns: Spray Angle 24° and Spray Type 360° adjustable. Read together, they answer two separate questions a buyer has to settle before ordering — how the water leaves the nozzle, and how the machine moves it around the field. The spray angle fixes the trajectory of the jet. The 360° adjustable spray type fixes the rotation range and confirms the setting can be changed rather than locked at the factory. Every other number on the sheet, from spray radius to flow, describes what happens once those two decisions are made.

FOISON Sprinkler (Xuzhou Foison Sprinkler Irrigation Equipment Co., Ltd) is a manufacturer of irrigation spray guns and irrigation equipment, founded in 2013 in Pei County Industry Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Its range covers turbine spray guns, impact guns and complete irrigation systems, with core products built around turbine and impact mechanisms and roughly 100 product varieties in production.

Why These Two Lines Confuse First-Time Buyers

Most new irrigation buyers can read a flow rate or a connection size without help. Spray angle and spray type are harder, because they are not measurements of the hardware. They describe behaviour.

• The angle reads like a marketing number. A figure such as 24° gives no obvious clue whether more or less is better, and the sheet rarely says what the angle is measured against.
• 360° sounds like a feature instead of a limit. Full-circle rotation reads as covers everything, which hides the real questions: how fast, driven by what mechanism, and can the setting be changed once the gun is in the field?
• The numbers are quoted without consequences. Nothing on the sheet says what happens to spacing, overlap or wind losses when the angle and the rotation drive change.

Those gaps get expensive at layout stage. A block designed around a tight, low-arc pattern but fitted with a high-arc gun will show dry strips and saturated patches, and adding pressure does not correct a mismatch that was built into the order. The same applies in reverse: oversizing the pattern to be safe wastes pump energy and creates runoff at the far edge.

Where Spray Angle and Rotation Fit in the Sprinkler Market

Sprinkler irrigation is a mature but still expanding equipment category. Grand View Research valued the global sprinkler irrigation market at USD 3.04 billion in 2025, and reported that Asia Pacific held the largest revenue share of the agricultural irrigation machinery market in that year at 36.2%, with China as a leading country.

The technical side of the category is already standardised at design level. ISO 7749-1:1995 specifies design and operational requirements for rotating sprinklers used in agricultural irrigation, as summarised by the International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage. In trade terms, agricultural spraying appliances move under HS Code 842482, the classification covering mechanical appliances for agricultural or horticultural use for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids.

What the standards do not fix is the vocabulary. The same hardware is sold as a rain gun, a big gun, an impact gun, a turbine sprinkler, a water gun or an agriculture gun depending on the supplier and the market. The working definitions used in this article are:

• Impact gun / impulse sprinkler — rotation driven by a spring-loaded arm that is pushed out by the jet and strikes back against the body, stepping the sprinkler around the circle.
• Turbine sprinkler / turbine gun — rotation driven by an internal water-driven turbine mechanism, giving continuous rather than stepped movement.
• Rain gun — trade term for a large, high-flow sprinkler designed for long throw and coarse droplets, used where a wide area has to be covered from few positions.
• Big gun — a loose trade synonym, generally applied to the largest rain gun sizes rather than to a separate mechanism.
• Water gun, agriculture gun, garden gun, plastic gun — general descriptive or marketing terms rather than technical categories; the mechanism and the material have to be checked separately on the datasheet.

Detailed Solution: Reading the Two Lines Correctly

The spray angle describes the jet, not the coverage circle

On FOISON datasheets the spray angle line gives the angle at which water leaves the sprinkler. It sets the trajectory — a flatter jet that stays low and drives forward, or a lofted jet that rises before falling. The 24° figure is carried on the FS35, FS40 and FSW40 Pro sheets alike, which matters for planning: three different mechanisms share one trajectory figure, so layout assumptions about angle do not have to be rebuilt when the model changes.

Two practical consequences follow. First, a lower, forward-driven trajectory keeps the water closer to the ground for more of its flight, which generally reduces the time the jet spends exposed to wind and evaporation. Second, the angle shapes how delivery is distributed across the wetted radius: flat jets tend to concentrate output further out and leave the immediate radius lighter than a high-arc jet would. Neither effect replaces the spray radius line, which is stated separately and varies with working pressure.

Radius and flow only mean something at your operating pressure

Spray radius on these sheets is a range, not a single figure, because throw changes with working pressure. FS35 covers 18–36 m across a 0.2–0.6 MPa window at 7.8–31.9 m³/h. FSW40 Pro covers 22–41 m across 0.2–0.5 MPa at 9.5–37 m³/h. FS40 covers 20–43 m across 0.15–0.5 MPa at 9.5–39.4 m³/h and uses a 2-inch thread rather than the 1-1/2-inch female thread on the other two.

For layout work, the number that matters is the radius at the pressure the site will actually run. A gun specified at the top of its radius range and commissioned on a low-pressure line delivers a shorter throw than the datasheet suggests, and the spacing designed around it will leave gaps. Confirm the pump curve before fixing sprinkler spacing.

What 360° adjustable adds on top of the angle

Spray type 360° adjustable means the sprinkler is designed to rotate through a full circle and that the rotation setting is adjustable rather than fixed at build. In FOISON's own design work, adjustability specifically covers nozzle angle and rotation speed — both developed in-house by a design team of 12 engineers.

The mechanism behind the 360° matters more than the wording on the sheet. FS35 is an impact sprinkler with 360° adjustable spray, so rotation arrives in pulses as the arm steps the body around the circle, which generally suits coarse droplets and long throw. FS40 is listed with 360° gear adjustable rotation, giving continuous water-driven movement and a steady sweep. FSW40 Pro is a turbine sprinkler with 360° adjustable spray. Where wind is a routine constraint, continuous rotation with an adjustable sweep rate is usually easier to fine-tune, because the sweep can be matched to droplet size and wind speed instead of being set by the arm geometry.

What 360° adjustable does not automatically tell you is whether part-circle sector operation is supported. If the block has a boundary — a fence line, road, greenhouse wall or neighbouring property — confirm sector capability on the specific model datasheet before ordering rather than assuming it.

Where the six models sit in the category picture

FS35, FS40 and FSW40 Pro are the models whose spray angle and spray type are documented line by line at 24° and 360° adjustable. FS35 sits in the impact category, FS40 in gear-adjusted rotation, and FSW40 Pro in the turbine category. FOISON's range also extends into larger rain gun sizes under the model names FSN50, FSC50 and FSW80, where the same two lines should be read off the individual datasheet rather than assumed to transfer down the family. In practice: the three documented sheets tell you how the 24° / 360° combination behaves, and the larger rain guns are then evaluated on their own published figures.

Step-by-Step: Specifying a 24° / 360° Sprinkler for a Real Block

1. Fix the coverage geometry first. Set the spacing between sprinkler positions from the radius you can actually reach at site pressure. Because radius is published as a range, take the lower half for conservative spacing on windy or elevated sites, and use the upper half only where the pump curve supports it.
2. Choose the rotation drive against the job. Impact (FS35) for coarse droplets and long throw with a stepped sweep; gear or turbine (FS40, FSW40 Pro) where a continuous, uniform sweep is preferred. Match the mechanism to the droplet size the crop and soil can tolerate.
3. Check the pressure window against the supply. 0.15–0.5 MPa on FS40, 0.2–0.5 MPa on FSW40 Pro, 0.2–0.6 MPa on FS35. FS35 has the widest window and is the safer choice where supply pressure fluctuates across the season.
4. Match connection and flow to the pipework. FS40 uses a 2-inch thread; FS35 and FSW40 Pro use a 1-1/2-inch female thread. Flow runs from 7.8 m³/h at the bottom of the FS35 range up to 39.4 m³/h on FS40, which sets lateral and main pipe sizes as much as the sprinkler choice does.
5. Confirm documentation and order terms. FOISON's production of sprinkler irrigation equipment is covered by ISO 9001 certification — certificate 28725Q042R0S, issued 29 May 2025 and valid to 28 May 2028 by Zhongzheng Excellent Certificate Group Co., Ltd, to the GB/T 19001-2016 idt ISO 9001:2015 standard. Production runs a 100% test, acceptance inspection includes a pre-shipment test, and the minimum order quantity is 20 units.

Use Cases Where the Two Settings Decide the Outcome

Open-field vegetable blocks

A New Zealand customer running a 150,000 m² vegetable farm installed 500 FS35 units for fixed sprinkler irrigation and reported savings of 55% water and 60% labour over two years of operation. In that layout the impact mechanism and the 360° adjustable sweep did the work of covering a large area from fixed positions, which is what removes the labour — the angle on its own does not.

Industrial dust removal and stockyards

FSW40 Pro lists industrial dust removal alongside agriculture, forestry and urban greening in its use scope. Dust suppression depends on the jet reaching the dust source with enough droplet mass to bring particles down, and a turbine mechanism with 360° sweep lets one unit work a stockpile face without repositioning. This is the one model of the three where spray atomization for dust removal is an explicitly documented application.

Forestry, nurseries and urban greening

FS35 and FSW40 Pro both list agriculture, forestry and urban greening. On irregular terrain the adjustable sweep is the practical control, because throw distance shifts with pressure and elevation while the rotation setting stays under the operator's hand.

Greenhouse and protected cultivation

For greenhouse work, smaller plastic sprinklers or micro spray pipe are generally a better fit than a metal gun; outdoor field irrigation is where metal impact and turbine guns earn their place. Ordering a 24° metal gun for a low tunnel usually over-specifies the job and delivers more water than the structure needs.

Comparison: FS35, FS40 and FSW40 Pro on the Two Key Lines

All figures below are as published on the FOISON datasheets for each model.

Reading the table: spray angle and spray type are identical across the three models, so the decision is made on mechanism, pressure window, radius, flow and connection. FS35 has the widest pressure window. FS40 has the largest radius, the highest flow and the 2-inch connection. FSW40 Pro sits between the two and is the only one of the three with industrial dust removal in its documented use scope.

Frequently Asked Questions

Conclusion: Two Lines, One Layout Decision

Spray angle and spray type are the two datasheet lines that decide whether a sprinkler and a field layout agree with each other. A 24° spray angle fixes the trajectory of the jet and therefore how the water behaves in wind and how output is distributed across the wetted radius. A 360° adjustable spray type fixes the rotation range and confirms the sweep can be tuned rather than accepted as built. Radius, flow and pressure window then describe what that combination produces at the pressure you actually run.

On the FOISON sheets, FS35, FS40 and FSW40 Pro all carry 24° and 360° adjustable, so the choice between them comes down to mechanism, pressure window, radius, flow and connection. The larger rain gun models in the range — FSN50, FSC50 and FSW80 — should be checked against their own published figures before a shared specification is assumed.